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Global patterns in coronavirus diversity.

Simon J Anthony1,2,3, Christine K Johnson4, Denise J Greig4

  • 1Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.

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|June 21, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bats are key reservoirs for coronaviruses (CoVs), harboring diverse strains. This global study reveals bat CoV diversity mirrors bat diversity, highlighting bats as crucial drivers of viral evolution and zoonotic risk.

Keywords:
batcoronavirusevolutionviral ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Ecology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bats are recognized reservoirs for coronaviruses (CoVs), including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
  • Current research on CoVs is biased towards known pathogens, neglecting the vast, 'pre-emergent' viral diversity in bats.
  • Understanding CoV diversity in resource-poor regions is critical for assessing zoonotic emergence risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the global diversity of coronaviruses in bats and other taxa.
  • To identify factors driving coronavirus diversity on a global scale.
  • To assess the role of bats as reservoirs and evolutionary drivers of CoV diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Global survey of CoV diversity across multiple host taxa in twenty countries.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to identify discrete CoV clusters.
  • Ecological and epidemiological analyses to correlate viral and host diversity patterns.
  • Co-phylogenetic reconciliation to investigate host switching events.

Main Results:

  • Identified 100 discrete CoV phylogenetic clusters, with 91 found in bats.
  • Demonstrated a strong correlation between CoV diversity patterns and bat diversity globally.
  • Provided evidence for host switching as a significant factor in CoV evolution, with regional variations observed.

Conclusions:

  • Bats are confirmed as the primary evolutionary reservoirs and ecological drivers of CoV diversity.
  • Global exploration of viral diversity, particularly in bats, is essential for understanding zoonotic risks.
  • This study provides a model for global viral diversity research and enhances understanding of CoV biodiversity and emergence potential.