Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 28, 2026

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
Published on: January 28, 2020
[Swimming-induced pulmonary edema in Swedish conditions has been insufficiently studied]
Annika Braman Eriksson1, Martin Annsberg2, Maria Hårdstedt3
1VC Vansbro - Vansbro, Sweden VC Vansbro - Vansbro, Sweden.
Abstract:
Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) has been described in sports and military medicine during strenuous swimming in open water. Symptoms include dyspnea, cough, frothy mucus and hemoptysis. Hypertension, a tight wetsuit, overhydration and previous episodes of SIPE are suggested risk factors. Immediate interruption of swimming prevents more serious symptoms. In the open water race at Vansbro 2016, 69 swimmers (of 13,878 in total) were treated for symptoms suspected for SIPE. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was successfully used to treat suspected SIPE in 46 patients in the on-site emergency care center. Open water swimming races are increasingly popular and also attract many unexperienced swimmers. There is a need of validated guidelines for organizers of open water races, swimmers and health professionals.
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Pneumothorax-I
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...

