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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.0K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Is selenium supplementation in autoimmune thyroid diseases justified?

Kristian H Winther1, Steen J Bonnema, Laszlo Hegedüs

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|June 23, 2017
PubMed
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Selenium supplementation may decrease thyroid autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases. However, current evidence does not support routine use, though correcting selenium deficiency may benefit patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) prevalence is linked to low dietary selenium.
  • Selenium plays a role in thyroid hormone metabolism and immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on selenium supplementation in AITD.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms of action for selenium in thyroid autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological data and controlled trials.
  • Analysis of studies on selenium supplementation in autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves' disease.

Main Results:

  • Selenium supplementation reduced thyroid autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • Effects on quality of life and biochemical euthyroidism in Graves' disease are variable.
  • Some trials suggest benefits for mild Graves' orbitopathy with selenium.

Conclusions:

  • Routine selenium supplementation is not supported for autoimmune thyroiditis or Graves' disease.
  • Correcting selenium deficiency may be beneficial for prevention and treatment.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and clinical benefits.