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Glial Cells

Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...

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Primary Orthotopic Glioma Xenografts Recapitulate Infiltrative Growth and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I Mutation

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Diffuse Infiltrating Oligodendroglioma and Astrocytoma.

Martin J van den Bent¹, Marion Smits¹, Johan M Kros¹

¹Martin J. van den Bent and Johan M. Kros, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute; Marion Smits, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Susan M. Chang, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

|June 23, 2017

Summary

The 2016 WHO classification distinguishes diffuse gliomas by IDH mutations and 1p/19q loss. IDH-mutant gliomas generally have better prognoses, while IDH-wildtype gliomas require further testing due to varied outcomes.

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A Protocol for Explant Cultures of IDH1-mutant Diffuse Low-grade Gliomas

A Protocol for Explant Cultures of IDH1-mutant Diffuse Low-grade Gliomas

Published on: May 9, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Molecular Pathology
Cancer Classification

Background:

The 2016 WHO classification categorizes diffuse gliomas based on isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and 1p/19q co-deletion.
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma diagnosis requires IDH mutation (IDH-mt) and 1p/19q co-deletion.
Anaplastic astrocytoma is classified as either IDH-mutant (IDH-mt) or IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diagnostic criteria for diffuse gliomas based on the 2016 WHO classification.
To discuss the prognostic implications of IDH mutation status and 1p/19q co-deletion.
To outline current treatment strategies and their evidence base for grade II and III gliomas.

Main Methods:

Review of the 2016 WHO classification guidelines for brain tumors.
Analysis of clinical trial data regarding treatment efficacy for diffuse gliomas.
Synthesis of prognostic information based on molecular markers (IDH, 1p/19q).

Main Results:

IDH-mutant gliomas, particularly low-grade ones, exhibit slower progression and a more favorable prognosis.
IDH-wildtype gliomas are heterogeneous, with some displaying glioblastoma-like features and poor outcomes, necessitating further molecular investigation.
Combination radiotherapy and chemotherapy, including temozolomide or PCV regimens, demonstrate survival benefits for newly diagnosed grade II/III gliomas compared to radiotherapy alone.

Conclusions:

The 2016 WHO classification provides a refined framework for diagnosing diffuse gliomas, integrating molecular features.
Treatment decisions for grade II/III gliomas should consider both clinical and molecular factors, with combined modality treatment being preferred post-surgery.
Further research is needed to identify predictive factors for chemotherapy response in diffuse gliomas.