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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Thyroid autoimmunity in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.

Margherita Barbuti¹, André F Carvalho², Cristiano A Köhler²

¹Bipolar Disorders Unit, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Journal of Affective Disorders

|June 23, 2017

Summary

Thyroid autoimmunity is linked to bipolar disorder (BD) risk, particularly in females. Autoimmune thyroiditis may be a genetic factor for BD, not directly caused by the disease or lithium treatment.

Keywords:

Bipolar disorder Lithium treatment Thyroid autoantibodies Thyroid autoimmunity

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry and Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

Immune dysfunction is increasingly linked to mood disorders.
Bipolar disorder (BD) patients exhibit higher rates of thyroid dysfunction than the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the relationship between bipolar disorder and thyroid autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of observational studies was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases up to January 2017.
Studies reporting data on BD patients and autoimmune thyroid pathologies were included, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.

Main Results:

11 studies indicated increased thyroid autoantibodies in BD patients, especially those with depression or mixed states.
No clear link was found between BD and specific autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Autoimmune thyroiditis may be associated with genetic vulnerability to BD, more prevalent in females, and its link to lithium exposure is controversial.

Conclusions:

Thyroid autoimmunity is a potential independent risk factor for BD.
It may serve as an endophenotype for BD, with no definitive association with lithium exposure.