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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

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The Efficacy and Acceptability of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Interventions for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Ping-Tao Tseng1,2,3,4,5, Chih-Wei Hsu6, Chao-Ming Hung7,8

  • 1Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|March 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) shows promise for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Specific repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols significantly reduced OCD severity in a network meta-analysis.

Keywords:
OCDnetwork meta‐analysisnon‐invasive brain stimulationobsessive‐compulsive disorderrTMStDCS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has high prevalence and disability, with limited treatment efficacy.
  • Abnormalities in cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop circuits are implicated in OCD.
  • Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for OCD have yielded inconclusive results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of various non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) modalities for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • To compare different NIBS interventions using a network meta-analysis (NMA) approach.

Main Methods:

  • Network meta-analysis (NMA) of 34 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1089 participants.
  • Included interventions: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and various forms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).
  • Primary outcomes: changes in overall OCD severity and acceptability (dropout rates).

Main Results:

  • Three NIBS interventions demonstrated significant improvement in OCD severity compared to sham controls.
  • These included high-frequency rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), high-frequency deep TMS over the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (dmPFC/ACC), and low-frequency rTMS over the right DLPFC.
  • No significant differences were reported for acceptability (dropout rates).

Conclusions:

  • Excitatory stimulation over the dmPFC/ACC and bilateral DLPFC, or inhibitory stimulation over the right DLPFC, significantly improved OCD severity.
  • Further large-scale RCTs with extended follow-up are necessary to confirm the long-term impact of NIBS for OCD management.