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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
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Postural control in blind individuals: A systematic review.

Rodolfo Borges Parreira1, Luanda André Collange Grecco2, Claudia Santos Oliveira3

  • 1School of Postural and Manual Therapy, Salgado Institute of Integral Health, Rubens Carlos de Jesus st. #355, 86015-300, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho. Doutor Adolfo Pinto av., #109, Barra Funda, 01156-050 São Paulo, Brazil.

Gait & Posture
|June 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Blind individuals show postural control deficits, compensated by enhanced senses and brain adaptations. However, these adaptations do not guarantee improved balance, and more research is needed on effective rehabilitation strategies.

Keywords:
NeuroplasticityPostural controlRehabilitationVisual impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Systems
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Postural control (PC) relies on integrating visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems.
  • Visual input is crucial for maintaining balance, and its absence in blind individuals can impair PC.
  • Understanding these adaptations is key to developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of sight in maintaining PC.
  • To examine brain structure adaptations in individuals with congenital blindness.
  • To identify potential rehabilitation strategies for improving PC in the visually impaired.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted.
  • Searches included PubMed and EMBASE databases.
  • Included studies focused on congenital blindness, excluding acquired blindness or low vision.

Main Results:

  • Blind individuals exhibit PC deficits, compensated by heightened function in remaining sensory systems.
  • Neuroplastic changes are observed across the entire cerebral cortex.
  • Sensorimotor and transcranial direct current stimulation show potential as rehabilitation methods.

Conclusions:

  • Despite sensory compensation and neuroplasticity, improved sensations do not automatically lead to better PC.
  • Further research is required to determine optimal therapeutic modalities for enhancing PC in blind individuals.