[Update on cutaneous dirofilariasis].

Area of Science:

• Zoonotic infections
• Parasitology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Dirofilariasis is a worldwide zoonotic infection caused by filarial nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria.
• It is transmitted by mosquitoes and rarely affects humans, typically presenting as cutaneous manifestations.
• Cutaneous dirofilariasis, specifically from D. repens, causes inflammatory lesions that progress to subcutaneous nodules, mimicking Wells' cellulitis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the diagnostic methods for human cutaneous dirofilariasis.
• To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment of this emerging zoonotic disease.
• To inform healthcare professionals about the increasing incidence of human dirofilariasis.

Main Methods:

• Diagnosis involves skin biopsy to demonstrate the nematode.
• Identification of the worm is achieved through macroscopic, histological, and PCR analysis.
• Surgical resection of the nodule is the primary treatment approach.

Main Results:

• Human cutaneous dirofilariasis cases have notably increased in recent years.
• The condition presents with inflammatory lesions and subcutaneous nodules.
• Accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent misdiagnosis with other dermatological conditions.

Conclusions:

• Human dirofilariasis is an emerging zoonotic concern with increasing incidence.
• Prompt and accurate diagnosis through parasitic identification is critical.
• Surgical excision is the definitive treatment for cutaneous dirofilariasis.