Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

10.2K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
10.2K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.9K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.9K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

2.8K
2.8K
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

12.0K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
12.0K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

2.5K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
2.5K
Transcription01:17

Transcription

34.2K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
34.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ER stress amplifies inflammation via a dual mechanism involving IκBζ-XBP1s synergism and Regnase-1 degradation.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

Multimodal machine learning for integrating heterogeneous analytical systems.

Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry·2026
Same author

CMOS-Compatible Fabrication Module for Sub-100 nm TiN and TaN Pillar Electrodes for Carbon Nanotube Test Structures.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

The Runx2-SMOC axis in skeletal development: Expanding roles of Smoc1 and Smoc2 in development and disease.

Journal of oral biosciences·2026
Same author

A <i>Period1</i> inducer specifically advances circadian clock in mice.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Designing High-Rate and High-Capacity Lithium Metal Anodes: Unveiling Critical Role of Carbon Nanotube Structure.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.5K

Transcriptional Network Controlling Endochondral Ossification.

Kenji Hata1, Yoshifumi Takahata1, Tomohiko Murakami1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.

Journal of Bone Metabolism
|June 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Skeletal development relies on endochondral ossification, regulated by transcription factors like Sox9. This review focuses on the transcriptional mechanisms controlling chondrocyte differentiation and skeletal formation.

Keywords:
ChondrocytesOsteogenesisSOX9 transcription factorTranscription factors

More Related Videos

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

8.7K
Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal
10:56

Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal

Published on: December 28, 2016

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.5K
Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

8.7K
Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal
10:56

Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal

Published on: December 28, 2016

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Endochondral ossification is crucial for vertebrate skeletal development.
  • Chondrocyte differentiation involves mesenchymal condensation, proliferation, hypertrophy, and mineralization, regulated by transcriptional networks.
  • Key transcription factors, including Sox9 and Runt-related transcription factor 2, are critical for these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the transcriptional mechanisms regulating endochondral ossification.
  • To highlight the essential role of Sox9 in early chondrogenesis.
  • To discuss emerging roles of ER stress-related transcription factors in chondrocyte differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical and genetic studies in mice.
  • Analysis of genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data.
  • Synthesis of current literature on chondrogenic transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • Sox9 is essential for early chondrogenesis, with impaired function leading to chondrodysplasia.
  • Genome-wide studies elucidate Sox9's regulatory mechanisms in chondrogenesis.
  • Runt-related transcription factor 2 promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy and terminal differentiation.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related transcription factors are identified as novel regulators.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptional regulation is fundamental to endochondral ossification and chondrocyte differentiation.
  • Sox9 plays a critical role in the early stages of chondrogenesis.
  • Further research into ER stress-related factors may reveal new therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.