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Related Concept Videos

Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

655
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

667
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

672
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

568
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

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Bradycardia, Syncope, and Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy.

D Luke Glancy1, Frederick R Helmcke1, Allen P Hoang1

  • 1Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.

The American Journal of Cardiology
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Summary

A 55-year-old man experienced fainting spells due to severe sinus bradycardia and ventricular tachycardia. A dual-chamber cardioverter defibrillator successfully prevented further episodes and shocks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Syncope is a common clinical presentation often associated with serious cardiac conditions.
  • Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a rare congenital heart defect.
  • Sinus bradycardia and ventricular tachycardia can precipitate syncopal events.

Observation:

  • A 55-year-old male presented with recurrent syncopal episodes.
  • Cardiac evaluation revealed severe sinus bradycardia (37 bpm) and an episode of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.
  • The patient was diagnosed with left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy.

Findings:

  • Implantation of a dual-chamber cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was performed.
  • The patient remained free from syncopal episodes for 4 years post-implantation.
  • No ventricular arrhythmias requiring defibrillation were recorded during the follow-up period.

Implications:

  • Dual-chamber ICDs are effective in managing syncope caused by bradycardia and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with LVNC.
  • This case highlights the importance of comprehensive cardiac evaluation in patients with unexplained syncope.
  • Long-term device therapy can significantly improve quality of life and prevent sudden cardiac death in selected patients.