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Transcranial magnetic stimulation to visual cortex induces suboptimal introspection.

Megan A K Peters1, Jeremy Fesi2, Namema Amendi2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

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|June 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to induce blindsight-like effects in healthy individuals. This study found that TMS impaired metacognitive judgments, suggesting a loss of awareness similar to actual blindsight.

Keywords:
Bayesian ideal observerBlindsightMetacognitionNoninvasive neuromodulationUnconscious perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Blindsight patients exhibit impaired conscious visual experience despite intact visual discrimination.
  • Studying subjective awareness requires separating it from objective performance.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers a method to induce blindsight-like phenomena in neurologically intact individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether TMS-induced blindsight in healthy observers is due to reporting biases or genuine metacognitive deficits.
  • To explore the role of internal statistical models in metacognitive judgments and awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a criterion-free method to assess performance and awareness.
  • Applied TMS to the visual cortex of neurologically intact participants.
  • Compared metacognitive judgments under TMS with previous findings under visual masking.

Main Results:

  • TMS-induced blindsight was conclusively differentiated from reporting biases.
  • Participants under TMS exhibited suboptimal metacognitive judgments, indicating a loss of awareness.
  • Introspective judgments were optimal under visual masking but suboptimal under TMS.

Conclusions:

  • TMS can induce a state of metacognitive blindness, mimicking actual blindsight.
  • Metacognitive judgments rely on the validity of internal perceptual models.
  • External perturbations, like TMS, can disrupt these models, leading to introspective suboptimality.