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Retrieval and Encoding Interference: Cross-Linguistic Evidence from Anaphor Processing.

Anna Laurinavichyute1,2, Lena A Jäger2, Yulia Akinina1,3

  • 1Neurolinguistics Laboratory, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated anaphor processing, finding that structural distractors do not cause retrieval interference. Results support the syntax-as-early-filter hypothesis in language comprehension.

Keywords:
GermanRussiananaphorcomprehensionencoding interferencereflexive processingretrieval interference

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Anaphor processing involves resolving pronouns to their antecedents.
  • Interference effects during anaphor resolution are debated.
  • The syntax-as-early-filer hypothesis suggests structural constraints limit antecedent access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate encoding and retrieval interference in anaphor processing.
  • To test if structurally inaccessible nouns interfere with antecedent selection.
  • To evaluate the syntax-as-early-filer hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Three self-paced reading experiments were conducted.
  • Experiments used German and Russian languages.
  • Compared gender-marked and unmarked reflexives and pronouns.

Main Results:

  • No interference effects were observed in the German experiment.
  • Russian experiments showed slowed reading for gender-unmarked reflexives when distractors matched antecedent gender.
  • This pattern was replicated with verb-reflexive order inversion in Russian.

Conclusions:

  • Results contradict the retrieval interference account.
  • Findings support encoding interference and semantic processing load for gender-marked reflexives.
  • No evidence was found to reject the syntax-as-early-filer hypothesis.