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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Transcription01:17

Transcription

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Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
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Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
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Identification of transcript regulatory patterns in cell differentiation.

Arief Gusnanto1, John Paul Gosling1, Christopher Pope1

  • 1Department of Statistics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|June 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Bayesian method to identify genes driving cell differentiation by analyzing gene expression correlations within cell lineages. The approach accounts for cell type relationships, improving the understanding of transcript regulatory patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Understanding cell differentiation requires analyzing transcript regulatory patterns.
  • Gene expression data from mature cells alone presents challenges in identifying differentiation drivers.
  • Existing methods often overlook the correlation structure between cell types in differentiation lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for inferring genes specific to cell types during differentiation.
  • To leverage the lineage information and co-expression patterns between related cell types.
  • To improve the identification of transcript regulatory patterns governing cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • A Bayesian approach is employed to estimate gene expression means.
  • The method incorporates the cell formation path within the differentiation lineage.
  • It analyzes the correlation structure between co-expressed genes in related cell types.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method effectively infers cell-type-specific genes.
  • These genes are identified as crucial in directing cell differentiation.
  • The approach was illustrated using gene expression data from haematopoiesis.

Conclusions:

  • The Bayesian method provides a robust framework for analyzing cell differentiation.
  • It enhances the discovery of genes involved in cell fate determination.
  • This approach offers a more accurate way to study transcript regulation in developmental processes.