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Related Concept Videos

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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Correlation between Maxillary Canine Calcification and Skeletal Maturation.

Sushil Kumar1, Abhishek Singha Roy2, Ankit Garg3

  • 1Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kalka Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|June 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assessing skeletal maturity is crucial in orthodontics. The study found that the calcification stages of permanent maxillary canines (Demirjian Index) strongly correlate with skeletal maturity indicators (Cervical Stages), proving useful for growth assessment.

Keywords:
Calcification stagesGrowthPanoramic radiograph

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Area of Science:

  • Dentofacial Orthopedics
  • Radiographic Assessment
  • Human Growth and Development

Background:

  • Skeletal maturation assessment is vital in health professions, particularly Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics.
  • Functional appliance effectiveness is maximized during the peak of mandibular growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of permanent maxillary canine calcification stages for assessing skeletal maturity.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 300 subjects (ages 9-18).
  • Assessment of Dental Maturity (Demirjian Index - DI) and Skeletal Maturity (Cervical Stages - CS) from panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms.
  • Statistical analysis using Pearson chi-square and Sakoda adjusted Pearson contingency coefficient (C*) to determine correlation between DI and CS.

Main Results:

  • A highly significant association was found between DI and CS in both males (C* = 0.851) and females (C* = 0.879).
  • Specific DI stages (E, F, H) corresponded to distinct CS phases (pre-peak, peak, and end of pubertal growth spurt).

Conclusions:

  • The Demirjian Index (DI) demonstrates a highly significant association with Cervical Stages (CS).
  • Maxillary canine calcification stages (DI) can be effectively utilized as a tool for assessing skeletal maturity in orthodontic patients.