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Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

23.8K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
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Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

62.7K
The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
62.7K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

51.5K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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The Periodic Table03:25

The Periodic Table

128.9K
As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

62.4K
The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

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Magnetic Anisotropy from Main-Group Elements: Halides versus Group 14 Elements.

Scott C Coste1, Bess Vlaisavljevich1, Danna E Freedman1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|June 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heavy main-group elements can transfer magnetic anisotropy to transition metals. This study found halides, surprisingly, had a greater impact than group 14 elements, suggesting a focus on spin-bearing orbital interactions for design.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Magnetochemistry

Background:

  • Magnetic anisotropy in transition-metal complexes is crucial for tuning properties like magnetism and photoluminescence.
  • Traditionally, ligand field control has been used, but heavy main-group elements offer an alternative route to enhance spin-orbit coupling.
  • Interacting transition metals with main-group elements can transfer magnetic anisotropy without limiting coordination geometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of covalency on magnetic anisotropy transfer from main-group elements to a transition metal center.
  • To compare the anisotropy-inducing effects of halides versus group 14 elements (germanium, tin).
  • To understand the electronic structure factors governing the heavy-atom effect in heterobimetallic complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four isostructural heterobimetallic complexes featuring an Fe(II) center bound to germanium or tin, with halide ligands (Br-, I-).
  • Characterization using magnetometry, computational modeling, and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of axial zero-field splitting to quantify spin-orbit coupling and magnetic anisotropy.

Main Results:

  • Zero-field splitting increased from -11.8 to -17.9 cm⁻¹ with increasing axial ligand mass.
  • Halide interactions demonstrated a greater impact on magnetic anisotropy compared to group 14 elements.
  • This counterintuitive observation was attributed to a larger spin population on halide elements, overriding greater covalency in group 14 interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The design principle for enhancing magnetic anisotropy should prioritize spin-bearing orbital interactions over simply increasing covalency.
  • Halides can be effective in transferring magnetic anisotropy, offering a valuable alternative to heavier main-group elements.
  • Understanding spin population distribution is key to optimizing anisotropy transfer in transition-metal complexes.