Healthy dietary patterns decrease the risk of colorectal cancer in the Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia: a case-control...

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nutritional Science
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cancer in Saudi Arabia.
• Dietary patterns are strongly linked to cancer development and prevention.
• Investigating dietary factors in the Mecca region is crucial for CRC risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the association between dietary habits and colorectal cancer risk.
• To identify specific food groups that may offer protective benefits against CRC.
• To provide region-specific dietary recommendations for CRC prevention in Mecca.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study design was employed.
• 137 CRC patients and 164 healthy controls participated.
• Dietary intake was assessed using a questionnaire administered by dietitians.

Main Results:

• Increased intake of dairy products (1-5 servings/day) was associated with reduced CRC risk.
• Consumption of legumes (3-5 servings/week) and leafy vegetables (1-5 servings/week) showed protective effects.
• Regular intake of olive oil, black tea, and coffee also correlated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:

• Dietary modifications can play a significant role in decreasing CRC incidence.
• Specific food groups like dairy, legumes, vegetables, olive oil, black tea, and coffee are associated with reduced CRC risk.
• Public health initiatives should promote healthier dietary habits in the Mecca region to combat colorectal cancer.