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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

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Published on: August 30, 2017
Palladium-Mediated Synthesis of a Near-Infrared Fluorescent K+ Sensor
H M Dhammika Bandara1, Zhengmao Hua1, Mei Zhang1
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Programs in Neuroscience and Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.
Abstract:
Potassium (K+) exits electrically excitable cells during normal and pathophysiological activity. Currently, K+-sensitive electrodes and electrical measurements are the primary tools to detect K+ fluxes. Here, we describe the synthesis of a near-IR, oxazine fluorescent K+ sensor (KNIR-1) with a dissociation constant suited for detecting changes in intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations. KNIR-1 treatment of cells expressing voltage-gated K+ channels enabled the visualization of intracellular K+ depletion upon channel opening and restoration of cytoplasmic K+ after channel closing.
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