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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Isolation and Profiling of Human Primary Mesenteric Arterial Endothelial Cells at the Transcriptome Level
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Endothelial Cells.

Caterina Sturtzel1

  • 1Innovative Cancer Models, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V, Vienna, Austria. caterina.sturtzel@ccri.at.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial cells, vital to the cardiovascular system, actively participate in immune responses. They recognize inflammatory signals and guide immune cells, playing a key role in tissue immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and the heart.
  • Traditionally recognized for roles in angiogenesis, hemostasis, and vascular tone.
  • Emerging evidence highlights their critical function in immune system interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize classical endothelial cell properties and functions.
  • To elucidate the crosstalk between endothelial cells and the immune system.
  • To detail the immunological role of endothelial cells in immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established endothelial cell biology.
  • Analysis of pattern recognition receptor expression in endothelial cells.
Keywords:
AngiogenesisEndothelial cellsHemostasisInnate immune receptorsReperfusion injuryTransendothelial migration

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  • Examination of endothelial cell-mediated immune cell trafficking.

    • Main Results:

    • Endothelial cells express pattern recognition receptors, enabling inflammatory response.
    • They actively regulate immune cell recruitment and extravasation.
    • These cells are integral to facilitating immune responses in various tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Endothelial cells are not merely structural but active immunological players.
    • Their functions extend beyond cardiovascular regulation to immune system modulation.
    • Understanding endothelial cell immunology is crucial for immune response research.