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Related Concept Videos

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction01:05

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

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It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a...
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Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Types of Collisions - II01:19

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When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
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In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation
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A Guide to Creating and Testing New INTRSECT Constructs.

Lief E Fenno1,2, Joanna Mattis3, Charu Ramakrishnan1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

Current Protocols in Neuroscience
|July 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces INTRSECT, a novel method using multiple recombinases for precise gene expression in neuroscience. This allows researchers to target specific neuronal subsets defined by multiple features, advancing experimental design.

Keywords:
INTRSECTneuroscienceoptogeneticssynthetic biologyvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Current gene expression tools in neuroscience are limited by cell-type specificity.
  • Single-recombinase systems restrict gene expression based on single features.
  • Advanced experimental designs require targeting neuronal subsets with multiple characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for targeting gene expression to neuronal subsets defined by multiple genetic and/or topological features.
  • To overcome the limitations of single-recombinase systems in neuroscience research.
  • To provide a flexible and modular approach for precise gene delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Development of INTRSECT (Intersectional) constructs.
  • Utilizing multiple recombinases for gene targeting.
  • Combining recombinase-dependent viruses with transgenic animals.
  • Designing both viral vectors and transgenic animal models.

Main Results:

  • INTRSECT enables targeting of gene expression to specific neuronal subsets based on multiple features.
  • The method demonstrates flexibility and modularity in achieving desired gene expression patterns.
  • Successful application in targeting complex neuronal populations.

Conclusions:

  • INTRSECT expands the capabilities of genetically encoded tools in neuroscience.
  • This method enhances the precision of experimental design by allowing multi-feature cell targeting.
  • The protocol offers a powerful new strategy for studying neuronal function and connectivity.