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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

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This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
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Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base02:30

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The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:
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Introduction to Chemical Bonds01:01

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

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Chemical Bonds
The electrons of the outermost energy level determine the energetic stability of the atom and its tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The innermost electron shell has a maximum capacity of two electrons, but the next two electron shells can each have a maximum of eight electrons. This is known as the octet rule, which states that, with the exception of the innermost shell, atoms are most stable energetically when they have eight electrons in their valence shell, the...
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Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes02:45

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

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Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Hyperpolarizing Water with Parahydrogen.

Sören Lehmkuhl1, Meike Emondts1, Lukas Schubert1

  • 1ITMC.MC, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|July 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method using para-enriched hydrogen (p-H₂) to hyperpolarize bulk water. This breakthrough enhances nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
NMR spectroscopyPHIPSABREhyperpolarizationparahydrogen

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Biomedical applications
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Water is fundamental to life and a key medium for NMR and MRI studies.
  • Enhancing water polarization is crucial for advanced biomedical imaging and molecular investigations.
  • Current methods for water hyperpolarization have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel method for hyperpolarizing bulk water using para-enriched hydrogen (p-H₂).
  • To explore a new polarization transfer mechanism.
  • To enable advanced biomedical applications through enhanced water polarization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing para-enriched hydrogen (p-H₂) as the hyperpolarization source.
  • Employing a specific catalytic system to facilitate polarization transfer.
  • Investigating the underlying exchange mechanism for polarization transfer.

Main Results:

  • Successful hyperpolarization of bulk water was achieved.
  • A new, efficient polarization transfer mechanism was identified.
  • The method demonstrates potential for significant signal enhancement in NMR/MRI.

Conclusions:

  • The developed p-H₂ based approach offers a promising route for bulk water hyperpolarization.
  • This technique can significantly advance biomedical imaging and molecular structure analysis.
  • Further research into the exchange mechanism could unlock new applications.