Monocyte-Dependent Suppression of T-Cell Function in Postoperative Patients and Abdominal Sepsis
Markus Albertsmeier1, Niclas J Prix, Hauke Winter
1Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
Introduction:
Surgical trauma causes inflammation and postoperative immunosuppression. Previous studies have shown a T-cell-dependent suppression of MHC II expression and other functions of antigen-presenting cells. The aim of this study was to determine which immune cell initiates postoperative immunosuppression and consecutive sepsis.
Methods:
We separated T-cells and monocytes in human abdominal surgery (n = 11) patients preoperatively as well as 24 h postoperatively and in patients who developed postoperative sepsis (n = 6). We analyzed their surface markers and then coincubated these cells with naïve preoperative cells of the other cell type, respectively. Cytokine secretion from naïve cells was measured by a multiplex immunoassay, serving as a bioassay for the function of the stimulating postoperative cell.
Results:
Surface marker analysis showed a postoperative suppression of CD3 cells and the activation marker CD28 (P = 0.02), which was further reduced in septic patients. FACS analysis revealed a significant increase in CD14 monocytes (P = 0.02) and CD14CD86, CD14HLA-DR subpopulations 2 h postoperatively. In sepsis patients, HLA-DR expression was reduced compared with postoperative levels (P < 0.01). After coincubation with postoperative T-cells, secretion of IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P < 0.01) from naïve monocytes was increased, whereas T-cells from sepsis patients resulted in suppressed cytokine secretion. After coincubation with postoperative monocytes, secretion of IFN-gamma (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P < 0.01) from naïve T-cells was significantly diminished, whereas monocytes from septic patients triggered only insignificant IL-10 secretion from naïve and septic T-cells.
Conclusions:
Our results show that in the early postoperative period, T-cells are suppressed but able to trigger the release of cytokines from monocytes, whereas activated monocytes seem to induce T-cell suppression. In sepsis patients, a global suppression of both cell types in terms of absolute numbers and function seems to occur.
