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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

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NCCN Guidelines Insights: Antiemesis, Version 2.2017.

Michael J Berger, David S Ettinger, Jonathan Aston

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Antiemesis provide new recommendations for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. These insights focus on carboplatin, granisetron, and olanzapine, enhancing patient care during cancer treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Pharmacology
    • Clinical Practice Guidelines

    Background:

    • Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a significant challenge in cancer care.
    • Effective management of CINV is crucial for patient quality of life and treatment adherence.
    • The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) provides evidence-based guidelines for cancer treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize recent updates to the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis.
    • To highlight specific recommendations concerning carboplatin, granisetron, and olanzapine in CINV management.
    • To inform clinicians about the latest evidence-based strategies for antiemesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent NCCN Guidelines for Antiemesis.
    • Analysis of updates pertaining to antiemetic agents including granisetron and olanzapine.
    • Focus on specific chemotherapy agents like carboplatin and their associated antiemetic protocols.

    Main Results:

    • The NCCN Guidelines have been updated to reflect new evidence in antiemesis management.
    • Specific recommendations have been refined for the use of granisetron and olanzapine in combination therapies.
    • Updated guidance is provided for managing CINV associated with carboplatin-based chemotherapy regimens.

    Conclusions:

    • The updated NCCN Guidelines offer refined strategies for preventing and managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
    • Clinicians should be aware of these updates to optimize antiemetic therapy for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
    • The recommendations emphasize a tailored approach to antiemesis based on chemotherapy agents and patient factors.