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Researchers successfully operated nanomechanical resonators in superfluid helium-4, demonstrating their sensitivity to superfluid density and normal fluid damping. This opens possibilities for quantum fluid studies in superfluid helium-3.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Quantum Fluids
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) offer unique capabilities for probing quantum fluids due to their reproducibility, broad frequency range, and low power dissipation.
  • Their small scale allows for investigations at the nanoscale, comparable to or below the coherence length of superfluids.
  • Previous attempts to measure NEMS resonators in liquid helium phases have been unsuccessful.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the successful operation of nanomechanical resonators in superfluid 4He.
  • To demonstrate the sensitivity of these devices to superfluid properties.
  • To establish a foundation for future experiments in superfluid 3He.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of doubly-clamped aluminum nanobeams.
  • Operation of nanobeams in superfluid 4He across the superfluid transition temperature.
  • Measurement of nanobeam response to detect superfluid density and normal fluid damping.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful operation of NEMS resonators in superfluid 4He.
  • Showcased high sensitivity of the nanobeams to superfluid density.
  • Observed significant sensitivity to normal fluid damping effects.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomechanical resonators are effective tools for studying superfluid helium.
  • The successful operation in 4He paves the way for experiments in superfluid 3He.
  • Future applications could explore the quantum ground state of nanomechanical devices at ultralow temperatures.