Mapping Geospatial Gaps in Early Identification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Health
• Public Health Policy
• Geospatial Analysis

Background:

• Early intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) significantly benefits development, yet diagnosis before age five is frequently delayed.
• Lack of health insurance, rural residency, and provider shortages are key factors contributing to diagnostic delays in young children.
• Identifying and addressing these barriers is critical for equitable access to timely ASD diagnosis and intervention services.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a geospatial evaluation of potential gaps in early ASD diagnosis for uninsured children in Virginia.
• To demonstrate the utility of geospatial analysis for pediatric nurse practitioners in advocating for policy changes.
• To identify specific communities with high numbers of uninsured children at risk for delayed ASD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Mapping data from a statewide provider of ASD evaluative services linked to the Virginia Department of Health.
• Utilizing geospatial analysis to identify geographic areas with a high concentration of uninsured children.
• Correlating service provider data with demographic information to pinpoint potential diagnostic service gaps.

Main Results:

• Several communities in Virginia were identified with high numbers of uninsured children potentially lacking access to early ASD diagnostic services.
• The study visually highlighted geographic disparities in access to early ASD evaluation for uninsured children.
• Geospatial analysis effectively identified areas of need for targeted intervention and resource allocation.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric nurse practitioners can play a vital role in addressing community-level gaps in early ASD identification for uninsured children in rural areas.
• Outreach programs to providers and families, coupled with geospatial analysis, can enhance early identification efforts.
• Visually impactful geospatial analyses are powerful tools for educating legislators and advocating for improved policies to support early ASD diagnosis.