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Using a structural competency framework to teach structural racism in pre-health education.

Jonathan M Metzl1, JuLeigh Petty1, Oluwatunmise V Olowojoba2

  • 1Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|July 11, 2017
PubMed
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An interdisciplinary pre-health curriculum focusing on structural competency significantly improved students' ability to analyze how social factors impact health outcomes. This approach better prepares future healthcare professionals for real-world health disparities.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Pre-health programs traditionally focus on science, often overlooking social determinants of health.
  • Structural competency training aims to equip future healthcare professionals with skills to address health inequities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary "Medicine, Health, and Society" (MHS) curriculum with a traditional premedical curriculum.
  • To evaluate students' understanding of how structural factors influence health outcomes and disparities.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study using the "Structural Foundations of Health Survey" was conducted.
  • MHS majors (n=185) were compared with traditional pre-med science majors (n=63) and freshmen (n=91).
  • Data collection occurred between August 2015 and December 2016.
Keywords:
Medical educationRace and ethnicityStructural competencyUnited States

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Main Results:

  • MHS majors demonstrated superior ability to identify and analyze the relationship between structural factors and health outcomes.
  • MHS students showed a deeper understanding of implicit racism, structural racism, and health disparities.
  • These findings align with the skills emphasized by the MCAT and AAMC.

Conclusions:

  • An interdisciplinary, structural competency-based curriculum enhances students' analytical skills regarding social determinants of health.
  • This educational model better prepares future healthcare professionals to address complex health issues and disparities.
  • Structural competency training is crucial for developing a nuanced understanding of health and illness in diverse populations.