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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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Amorphous surface layer versus transient amorphous precursor phase in bone - A case study investigated by solid-state

Stanislas Von Euw1, Widad Ajili1, Tsou-Hsi-Camille Chan-Chang1

  • 1Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.

Acta Biomaterialia
|July 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Bone apatite particles feature an amorphous surface layer coating a crystalline core, confirmed by novel NMR methods. This finding is crucial for understanding bone formation and regeneration processes.

Keywords:
Amorphous calcium phosphateAmorphous surface layerBiomimetic apatiteBiomineralizationBone apatiteBone mineralSolid-state NMRStoichiometric apatite

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization research
  • Materials science
  • Biomaterials engineering

Background:

  • Bone mineral structure is debated, with models including amorphous surface layers or transient amorphous precursor phases.
  • Distinguishing between these amorphous environments in bone and biomimetic apatites is critical for understanding biomineralization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of amorphous environments in bone tissue using a novel methodology.
  • To differentiate between an amorphous surface layer and a transient amorphous precursor phase in bone mineral.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combined solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment on bone tissue and synthetic calcium phosphate samples.
  • Employed a double cross polarization 1H→31P→1H pulse sequence followed by a 1H magnetization exchange pulse sequence.
  • Investigated biomimetic apatites to study amorphous surface layers and mimicked transient phases using physical mixtures.

Main Results:

  • NMR results demonstrated that amorphous and crystalline environments in bone tissue belong to the same particle.
  • Unambiguously confirmed the presence of an amorphous surface layer coating the apatitic crystalline core of bone apatite particles.
  • Showed that 1H magnetization exchange between amorphous and crystalline domains supports the core/shell model.

Conclusions:

  • The amorphous surface layer model for bone apatite particles is confirmed.
  • The amorphous surface layer significantly impacts bone tissue biogenesis and regeneration.
  • The developed NMR methodology provides a powerful tool for characterizing biominerals.