Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Menopause

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Recurrent assisted reproductive technology failure: the embryo perspective.

Fertility and sterility·2026

Same author

Can a focus on intracellular signaling assist us with ovarian stimulation in poor-prognosis patients?

Fertility and sterility·2026

Same author

An advanced SWOT analysis of elective vitrification: today's standard IVF procedure.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026

Same author

Fertility preservation in patients with Turner syndrome: a SWOT analysis.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026

Same author

Why does surgery for endometriosis-associated infertility often fail to improve pregnancy outcome?

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026

Same author

The endometrium: is thickness all that counts?

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

[The menopausal hormone therapy in 2016].

Evangelia Pavlidou¹, Paul Pirtea¹, Isabelle Streuli¹

¹Unité de médecine de la reproduction et d'endocrinologie gynécologique, Service de gynécologie, Département de gynécologie et obstétrique , HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Revue Medicale Suisse

|July 11, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) effectively treats estrogen deficiency symptoms. Personalized risk-benefit assessments and careful dosage/duration are crucial for safe and effective MHT use.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2024

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2024

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

Reproductive endocrinology
Women's health
Pharmacology

Background:

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is a primary treatment for symptoms of estrogen deficiency.
Estrogen deficiency during menopause can significantly impact quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the principles of prescribing menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).
To emphasize personalized patient evaluation for MHT benefits and risks.
To guide optimal MHT selection and duration for improved quality of life.

Main Methods:

Review of current clinical guidelines and evidence regarding MHT.
Emphasis on individualized patient assessment, considering various health risks.
Discussion of MHT dosage, duration, and timing ('window of opportunity').

Main Results:

MHT is indicated for climacteric symptoms, requiring a personalized benefit-risk evaluation.
Consideration of cardiovascular, thromboembolic, oncological, and osteoporosis risks is essential.
MHT should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration within the optimal time frame.

Conclusions:

Personalized MHT prescription is key, balancing benefits against risks.
Adherence to dosage, duration, and timing guidelines optimizes MHT safety and efficacy.
Tailoring MHT to individual patient profiles enhances physical, psychological, and sexual well-being.