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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

A fourth Denisovan individual.

Viviane Slon¹, Bence Viola^2,3,4, Gabriel Renaud¹

¹Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Science Advances

|July 12, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

DNA from a Denisovan molar (Denisova 2) found in Siberia reveals it belonged to an older female individual. This finding suggests Denisovans inhabited the region for a longer period, with low genetic diversity.

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Area of Science:

Paleogenetics
Human Evolution
Archaeology

Background:

Neandertal presence in Eurasia is well-documented.
Denisovans, a sister group to Neandertals, are known from limited fossil evidence, primarily from Denisova Cave.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze DNA from a newly discovered Denisovan fossil (Denisova 2).
To determine the age and genetic diversity of Denisovans.

Main Methods:

DNA extraction and sequencing from a deciduous molar (Denisova 2).
Mitochondrial DNA analysis to estimate age.
Nuclear DNA analysis to assess genetic diversity.

Main Results:

The Denisova 2 molar belongs to a female Denisovan individual.
Mitochondrial DNA indicates Denisova 2 is older than other known Denisovans.
Nuclear DNA diversity among Denisovans is comparable to modern human populations.

Conclusions:

Denisovans occupied Denisova Cave over an extended period.
The limited fossil record may not fully represent Denisovan population dynamics.