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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Mutations01:35

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Radiation: Applications01:17

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Monte Carlo study of the eye lens exposure of medical staff administering Sc-47 and Cu-67 labelled radiopharmaceuticals.

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Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
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Conventional sunscreen application does not lead to sufficient body coverage.

Z Jovanovic1, T Schornstein1, A Sutor1

  • 1Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|July 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most people miss sun protection spots when applying sunscreen, leaving about 11% of skin uncovered. Improved consumer education is vital for effective sun protection and complete body coverage.

Keywords:
emulsionphotoprotectionskin barrierskin physiologysunburnsunscreen

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photoprotection
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sunscreen is crucial for preventing UV damage.
  • Inconsistent application limits sunscreen efficacy.
  • Understanding application habits is key to improving protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sunscreen application habits.
  • To assess relative body coverage after single application.
  • To identify areas commonly missed during application.

Main Methods:

  • 52 healthy volunteers applied a test sunscreen.
  • UV photography assessed body coverage before and after application.
  • Image analysis quantified uncovered skin.
  • Online questionnaires captured self-reported usage habits.

Main Results:

  • Significantly less skin was uncovered on the front (4.35%) versus the back (17.27%).
  • Females had less uncovered skin (8.98%) than males (13.16%) overall.
  • Females showed less uncovered skin on the back (13.57%) compared to males (21.94%).

Conclusions:

  • Typical sunscreen application routines leave significant areas of skin unprotected.
  • An average of 11% of the body surface remained uncovered.
  • Enhanced consumer education is necessary to improve application techniques and ensure effective sun protection.