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Very early hallucinatory experiences: a school-based study.

Baptiste Pignon1,2,3,4,5, Pierre A Geoffroy6,7,8,9, Axelle Gharib10

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hallucinations in young children are linked to imaginary companions and metacognition defaults, not sensory deficits. These findings shed light on the development of perceptual experiences in early childhood.

Keywords:
Childrenauditoryhallucinatory experiencesimaginary companionpaediatric general populationsensory deficittheory of mindvisual

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Prevalence and clinical significance of hallucinatory experiences in children under 7 years old are largely unknown.
  • Previous assumptions suggest links between hallucinations, sensory deficits, imaginary companions, and metacognition defaults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the independent influences of sensory deficits, imaginary companions (IC), and metacognition on hallucinatory experiences in young children.
  • To investigate the association between hallucinatory experiences and sensory deficits, IC presence, and metacognition defaults (theory of mind).

Main Methods:

  • Medical screening of 1,087 preschoolers aged 5-7 years in Northern France.
  • Comparison of visual, auditory, and audio-visual hallucinatory experience prevalence based on sensory deficits, IC presence, and metacognition.
  • Analyses were adjusted for age.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence rates: auditory (15.8%), visual (12.5%), and audio-visual (5.8%) hallucinations.
  • No significant difference in hallucination prevalence based on sensory deficits.
  • Significantly higher prevalence of all hallucination types in children with an imaginary companion (IC) and metacognition defaults.

Conclusions:

  • Association between hallucinations and sensory deficits may be limited to long-lasting deficits.
  • The link between hallucinations and IC presence supports findings on perceiving words in meaningless auditory stimuli.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the relationship between hallucinations and theory of mind.