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Related Concept Videos

Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
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Traumatic Memory01:20

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Components of Stress01:23

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Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

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Acute Stress Time-dependently Modulates Multiple Memory Systems.

Elizabeth V Goldfarb1, Yeva Mendelevich1, Elizabeth A Phelps1,2

  • 1New York University.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|July 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute stress impairs context memory consolidation and expression, favoring stimulus-response (SR) memory. Stress impacts memory systems by affecting consolidation and retrieval, not SR memory expression.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Acute stress influences memory systems, often prioritizing stimulus-response (SR) memory over episodic context memory.
  • The precise cognitive mechanisms by which stress differentially affects these memory systems in humans remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how acute stress, applied post-learning and pre-retrieval, individually impacts context and SR memory.
  • To elucidate the cognitive mechanisms underlying stress-induced bias towards SR memory.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Assessed effects of post-learning acute stress on context and SR memory consolidation.
  • Experiment 2: Assessed effects of pre-retrieval acute stress on context and SR memory expression.
  • Measured adrenergic activity and cortisol reactivity to stress.

Main Results:

  • Post-learning stress impaired context memory consolidation and promoted SR memory preference.
  • Pre-retrieval stress transiently impaired context memory but did not affect SR memory expression.
  • Individual cortisol reactivity after learning correlated with initial SR learning variability.

Conclusions:

  • Stress modulates memory systems by impairing context memory consolidation and retrieval, while leaving SR memory expression intact.
  • These findings reveal novel cognitive mechanisms of stress effects on memory system dynamics.