Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

60.7K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
60.7K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.3K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.3K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

9.9K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.9K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.1K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.1K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

3.0K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
3.0K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

10.2K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rethinking Predictive Processing.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026
Same author

PhotoNeuro: A compact photodetector for synchronization of visual stimulus presentation during behavioural experiments in neuroscience.

HardwareX·2026
Same author

Functional specialisation of multisensory temporal integration in the mouse superior colliculus.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making.

Nature·2025
Same author

A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour.

Nature·2025
Same author

A subcortical switchboard for perseverative, exploratory and disengaged states.

Nature·2025
Same journal

Daily briefing: 'Cyborg' cockroaches breathe underwater with printed suit.

Nature·2026
Same journal

China boosts prestigious grants for young scientists - will it ease competition?

Nature·2026
Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

11.3K

Synaptic organization of visual space in primary visual cortex.

M Florencia Iacaruso1, Ioana T Gasler1, Sonja B Hofer1

  • 1Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.

Nature
|July 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual cortex neurons receive diverse inputs, with similar features clustering on nearby spines. Connectivity follows a rule favoring co-orientation and co-axial alignment for enhanced edge detection and object grouping.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
06:18

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.4K
A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
10:05

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

11.3K
Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
06:18

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.4K
A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
10:05

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual System Processing
  • Synaptic Connectivity

Background:

  • Sensory perception is influenced by the surrounding context.
  • The visual cortex uses excitatory connections for contextual signals, but their logic is unclear.
  • Understanding how visual information is integrated across the visual field is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the spatial organization of excitatory synaptic inputs in the mouse visual cortex.
  • To understand how visual contextual inputs relate to a neuron's receptive field properties.
  • To elucidate the connectional logic of visual contextual inputs.

Main Methods:

  • Two-photon calcium imaging in mouse visual cortex neurons.
  • Mapping spatial receptive fields on dendritic spines.
  • Analyzing the functional diversity and location of synaptic inputs.

Main Results:

  • Neurons receive functionally diverse inputs from extended visual space.
  • Inputs with similar visual features cluster on neighboring dendritic spines.
  • Long-range inputs preferentially connect when receptive fields are co-oriented and co-axially aligned.

Conclusions:

  • Visual cortex connectivity follows specific rules, linking neurons with aligned receptive fields.
  • This organization facilitates the amplification of elongated edges.
  • Provides a substrate for contour integration and object grouping in visual perception.