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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Hard to face: cutaneous malignant melanoma.

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An 88-year-old man experienced melanoma recurrence on his nose. Despite initial basal cell carcinoma diagnosis, it was a superficial spreading melanoma with positive sentinel lymph nodes, but no systemic spread detected.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • A patient presented with recurrent skin disease on the nose dorsum.
  • The initial lesion, excised in 2002, was suspected to be pigmented basal cell carcinoma.
  • The affected skin exhibited actinic damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of recurrent melanoma.
  • To detail the histological findings and staging of the melanoma.
  • To document the management and follow-up of the patient.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological examination of the excised nodule.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy.
  • Radical lymph node dissection.
  • Computed tomography (CT) scans for systemic staging.

Main Results:

  • Histology revealed superficial spreading melanoma (Clark level IV, Breslow thickness 2.1 mm) arising from a nevus.
  • Sentinel lymph node was positive for melanoma micrometastases.
  • CT scans showed no evidence of systemic disease.
  • No further metastases were found in other lymph nodes after dissection.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrence of melanoma can occur even after complete excision.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy is crucial for staging melanoma.
  • Multimodality imaging and surgical intervention are key in managing melanoma patients.