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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Sex-linked Disorders

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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Disorder-Free Localization.

A Smith1, J Knolle1, D L Kovrizhin2,3

  • 1T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel quantum model where disorder and localization emerge dynamically, not from external sources. This finding challenges the necessity of quenched disorder for localization phenomena in quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Anderson localization and many-body localization typically require external disorder.
  • Disorder can be introduced via Hamiltonian parameters or initial states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a quantum model where localization arises dynamically without quenched disorder.
  • To investigate the role of conserved quantities in generating self-disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simple, translationally invariant quantum model with local spin-fermion interactions.
  • Identified an extensive set of conserved quantities within the model.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the model dynamically generates its own disorder.
  • Showcased the emergence of localization in fermionic degrees of freedom due to this self-generated disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Quenched disorder is not a prerequisite for localization phenomena.
  • Provides new insights into many-body localization, lattice gauge theories, and quantum disentangled liquids.