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Ultralight scalar field dark matter (DM) can perturb binary systems. Binary pulsars can constrain DM properties, with current observations limiting direct coupling and future observatories improving sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Dark matter (DM) is a major component of the universe.
  • The nature of dark matter remains unknown.
  • Ultralight scalar fields are a candidate for dark matter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of ultralight scalar field dark matter on binary systems.
  • To propose binary pulsars as sensitive probes for detecting such dark matter.
  • To derive constraints on dark matter properties from binary pulsar observations.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing the dynamics of binary systems perturbed by an oscillating scalar field.
  • Calculating the secular variation of orbital periods due to dark matter interactions.
  • Estimating the sensitivity of binary pulsars to dark matter effects.

Main Results:

  • Dark matter perturbations can be resonantly amplified when DM oscillation frequency matches orbital frequency.
  • Current binary pulsar observations constrain direct coupling of dark matter to ordinary matter.
  • Purely gravitational effects of dark matter are not yet detectable with current accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Binary pulsars are promising tools for probing ultralight scalar field dark matter.
  • Direct coupling constraints are competitive with other astrophysical bounds.
  • Future observatories like the Square Kilometer Array will significantly enhance sensitivity.