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Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
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Interaction of the innate immune system with positive-strand RNA virus replication organelles

Enzo Maxim Scutigliani1, Marjolein Kikkert1

  • 1Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|July 16, 2017
PubMed

Insights

The innate immune system can disrupt viral replication by targeting viral replication organelles (ROs). This host-pathogen interaction, involving proteins like LC3 and ubiquitin, offers potential for new antiviral therapies against positive-strand RNA viruses.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Positive-strand RNA (+RNA) viruses pose health risks, necessitating understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
  • The innate immune system detects pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including viral RNA, to initiate antiviral responses.
  • Viruses evade immune detection by sequestering RNA replication within viral replication organelles (ROs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence suggesting the innate immune system can disrupt viral replication organelles (ROs).
  • To explore mechanisms by which host factors target aberrant membrane structures during viral infection.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for antiviral strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on host-pathogen interactions and innate immunity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving protein tagging (e.g., LC3, ubiquitin) of viral structures.
  • Examination of the role of IFN-inducible GTPases in antiviral defense.

Main Results:

  • Viral replication organelles (ROs) are crucial for +RNA virus infection.
  • Disruption of RO integrity can impair viral replication and enhance antiviral signaling.
  • The innate immune system employs proteins like LC3 and ubiquitin to target viral ROs, recruiting IFN-inducible GTPases.

Conclusions:

  • The innate immune system possesses mechanisms to disrupt viral replication organelles.
  • Targeting viral ROs represents a potential strategy for developing novel antiviral therapies.
  • Further research is needed to confirm this as a general antiviral mechanism against +RNA viruses.
Keywords:
+RNA virusGTPasesInterferonReplication organelles

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