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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
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Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)01:15

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This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
Prepare for the Procedure:
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Sites for measuring blood pressure01:21

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Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
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Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy.

Patricia O'Berry1, Mackenzie Brown1, Leslie Phillips1

  • 1Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care
|July 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, a peripheral nervous system disorder, affects up to 0.4% of newborns. This birth injury can lead to long-term functional impairment in up to 35% of affected children.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is a peripheral nervous system disorder affecting newborns.
  • It occurs in up to 0.4% of births, often linked to shoulder dystocia, difficult deliveries, and macrosomia.
  • OBPP results from nerve injury during delivery, typically due to lateral traction on the infant's head.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy.
  • To highlight the causes, presentation, and potential outcomes of this neonatal condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on obstetrical brachial plexus palsy.
  • Analysis of incidence, risk factors, and clinical presentation.

Main Results:

  • OBPP is associated with vaginal deliveries, shoulder dystocia, mechanical extraction, and macrosomia.
  • Infants present with reduced arm movement and asymmetric reflexes.
  • Nerve damage severity ranges from stretch injuries to complete avulsion.

Conclusions:

  • While recovery is possible, prognosis for OBPP is variable.
  • Up to 35% of children may experience lifelong functional impairment of the affected limb.
  • Early recognition and understanding of risk factors are crucial for managing OBPP.