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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
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Advanced methodologies for cocrystal synthesis.

Dennis Douroumis1, Steven A Ross1, Ali Nokhodchi2

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|July 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmaceutical cocrystals, multicomponent systems held by H-bonding, offer improved drug properties. This review covers their synthesis, manufacturing, and scale-up, highlighting key technological advances.

Keywords:
AntisolventCocrystalsContinuousFreeze – dryingHot melt extrusionMechanochemical grindingMicrofluidicsScale-upSpray – dryingUltrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multicomponent systems formed by hydrogen bonding between active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other molecules.
  • Cocrystals enhance critical physicochemical properties of APIs, including solubility, stability, bioavailability, and processability.
  • Recent regulatory reclassification considers cocrystals as drug polymorphs, impacting drug development, intellectual property, and regulatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the synthesis and manufacturing of pharmaceutical cocrystals.
  • To discuss the operational principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various cocrystal manufacturing technologies.
  • To explore the challenges and opportunities in scaling up cocrystal production for industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent trends and advances in cocrystal synthesis and manufacturing.
  • Analysis of operational principles for different cocrystal manufacturing technologies.
  • Comparative assessment of technologies based on crystal quality, purity, stability, throughput, and scalability.

Main Results:

  • Cocrystals present significant opportunities for improving the performance of poorly soluble APIs.
  • Various manufacturing technologies, including [mention specific technologies if known, e.g., milling, granulation, extrusion], offer different benefits and drawbacks for cocrystal production.
  • Scale-up considerations are crucial for successful industrial implementation, with specific technologies showing promise for large-scale manufacturing.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmaceutical cocrystals are a vital strategy for enhancing drug properties and navigating regulatory landscapes.
  • The selection of appropriate manufacturing technology is critical for achieving desired cocrystal attributes and efficient scale-up.
  • Continued research and development in cocrystal manufacturing are essential for realizing their full therapeutic and commercial potential.