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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Color Vision Losses in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Elaine C Zachi1, Thiago L Costa1,2, Mirella T S Barboni1

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Nucleus for Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Psychology
|July 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Thirty percent of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showed impaired color vision. This study investigated color vision deficits in autism and Asperger Syndrome, finding some participants had difficulty discriminating colors.

Keywords:
Asperger SyndromeCambridge Color Testautismcolor visionhigh-functioning Autismintelligence

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Visual perception
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions marked by social/communication impairments and restricted behaviors.
  • Previous research has not extensively explored color vision deficits in children and adolescents with ASD, particularly those without intellectual disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate color vision discrimination abilities in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Asperger Syndrome (AS).
  • To compare color vision thresholds between individuals with autism and those with AS.
  • To identify potential patterns and mechanisms underlying observed color vision deficits in this population.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 20 participants with ASD (9 with autism, 11 with AS) and 36 typically developing controls, all without intellectual disability.
  • Color vision was assessed using the Cambridge Color Test (CCT) and the Trivector protocol to measure discrimination thresholds along protan, deutan, and tritan confusion lines.
  • ASD participant data were compared against control-derived tolerance limits (90% probability).

Main Results:

  • Six out of 20 (30%) individuals with ASD exhibited color vision losses.
  • Elevated color discrimination thresholds were observed in 33% of participants with autism and 27% of participants with AS.
  • Diffuse and tritan-type color vision deficits were identified.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of children and adolescents with ASD, including those with AS, experience color vision deficits.
  • These chromatic losses may stem from retinal-level abnormalities or impaired cortical integration of visual information.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and clinical implications of these visual processing differences in ASD.