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The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Transoral thyroidectomy: why is it needed?

Gianlorenzo Dionigi¹, Matteo Lavazza¹, Chei-Wei Wu^2,3,4

¹1st Division of Surgery, Research Center for Endocrine Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria (Como-Varese), Varese, Italy.

|July 18, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transoral thyroidectomy (TOT) offers a scarless, minimally invasive surgical option for select thyroid conditions. This technique, performed endoscopically or robotically, is reproducible in specialized endocrine centers.

Keywords:

Endoscopic thyroidectomy natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)robotic thyroidectomy transoral thyroidectomy (TOT)

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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

Surgical Oncology
Endocrine Surgery
Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

Transoral thyroidectomy (TOT) is a desirable minimally invasive approach for thyroid gland surgery.
It offers scarless incisions, reduced dissection, and preservation of anatomical planes.
Patient selection is based on specific ultrasonographic and tumor characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the technique and patient selection criteria for transoral thyroidectomy.
To highlight the feasibility and reproducibility of this endoscopic/robotic approach.

Main Methods:

Utilizes a median, central transoral approach via the inferior oral vestibule.
Employs standard endoscopic equipment or robotic assistance with three ports.
Creates an anterior cervical subplatysmal space, similar to conventional thyroidectomy.

Main Results:

TOT is successfully performed using endoscopic or robotic systems.
Specific inclusion criteria define suitable patients for the procedure.
The technique allows bilateral thyroid exploration and central compartment access.

Conclusions:

Transoral thyroidectomy is a reproducible minimally invasive technique.
It is suitable for selected patients with specific thyroid pathologies.
This approach is becoming established in high-volume endocrine surgery centers.