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The Parathyroid Glands

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

A Simple Technique for Probe-Based NIRAF-Guided Parathyroid Identification in TOETVA.

Prachya Maneeprasopchoke^1,2, Aimpat Aungsusiripong¹, Paveena Pithuksurachai¹

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

The Laryngoscope

|April 24, 2026

Summary

A new probe-based near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) technique aids parathyroid identification during remote-access thyroid surgery. This method integrates real-time autofluorescence imaging for enhanced surgical precision.

Area of Science:

Surgical Technology
Medical Imaging
Endocrinology

Background:

Parathyroid identification is crucial during thyroid surgery to prevent complications.

Keywords:

PTeye near‐infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF)parathyroid gland probe‐based NIRAF transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA)

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Current methods for parathyroid localization can be time-consuming and may require specialized equipment.

Remote-access thyroid surgery presents unique challenges for intraoperative tissue identification.