Innovative Designs of Multimodal Imaging Based on Radionuclide, Quantum, and Cargo-Loaded Nanoplatform Emitters...

This mini-review is intended to show how multimodal imaging could be developed from prototypes and proofs of concept by controlling the nanoscale for improved resolution of life science imaging for broad applications such as bioassays, early diagnoses and further applications. It intends to afford the presentation of multimodal approaches for imaging and bioimaging uses with potential applications to biological media. The application of multimodal nanoemitters provides enhanced bioimaging through the generation of various targeted and well-defined signals. Radionuclides and luminescent emitters were considered in the discussion for improved and enhanced signaling. In this manner, we intended to show the increase in the power of information by collecting varied optical signal-matter interactions. This could be important for Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (PET-CT), Fluorescence Tomography (FT), and other new modes of imaging contemplating the incorporation of nanotechnology. In the context of the design of new multimodal energy modes, key examples were shown from the literature, where the interactions of different energy modes could lead to enhanced and improved signaling. Electromagnetic fields and nanoplasmonics are involved in these different energy modes involving varied quantum particle interactions with modified properties. In this regard, multimodal imaging has experienced developments in nanoemitters and nanobiolabeling to track biomolecular events and targeted cells. A large quantity of research output actually focuses on nano- and quantum emissions. However, there are not as many studies dealing with enhanced emissions or laser emissions coupled with radionuclide emitters. A non-classical form of light emission, considering varied luminescent phenomena as well as further quantum signaling, showed interesting and high-impact perspectives when combined with nuclear emissions. This is the case for current trends focusing on innovative single-cell analysis. For example, the characterization and diagnosis of cells where the targeting of antibody-antigen interactions is required, providing light and energy from different sources to produce different details and imaging resolutions, has been noted. These are potential approaches that could be developed through various strategies targeting life science applications. In this regard, this article puts forward a discussion focused on nanotechnology contemplating radio-pharmacy and enhanced nanoemitters.