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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Working memory and organizational skills problems in ADHD.

Michael J Kofler1, Dustin E Sarver2, Sherelle L Harmon1

  • 1Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|July 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Children with ADHD have significant working memory deficits and organizational problems. Impaired working memory contributes to these issues, affecting attention and planning abilities.

Keywords:
ADHDexecutive functionsfunctional impairmentsorganizationworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with organizational difficulties.
  • The precise role of working memory in these organizational problems requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between working memory capacity and organizational problems in children with and without ADHD.
  • To test model-driven predictions about working memory's contribution to ADHD-related organizational deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 103 children (aged 8-13) with and without ADHD on working memory tasks.
  • Utilized parent and teacher reports on organizational problems using the Children's Organizational Skills Scale (COSS).

Main Results:

  • Confirmed significant working memory deficits (d=1.24) and organizational problems (d=0.85) in children with ADHD.
  • Working memory impairments were linked to increased inattention, hyperactivity, and organizational issues.
  • Working memory explained 19-23% of variance in organizational problems, partly mediated by attention.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD exhibit widespread organizational impairment across multiple settings.
  • These deficits are partly due to working memory dysfunction, impacting attention regulation and goal-directed actions.
  • Impaired working memory directly and indirectly contributes to difficulties in planning and executing tasks.