Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Health Protective Sexual Communication Content Discussed Scale for Young Women in Gaborone, Botswana
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
Mabel K M Magowe1, Marcia McDonnell Holstad
1School of Nursing, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Abstract:
Health protective sexual communication can reduce HIV transmission, but women in Botswana find it difficult because of cultural barriers, suggesting the need for relevant measures. A Health Protective Sexual Communication Content Discussed Scale was developed and tested among young women aged 21-35 years in Gaborone, Botswana, to guide HIV prevention interventions. The project was conducted from June 2006 to August 2007. Literature review, expert advice, and a qualitative pilot guided the process. The scale had 22 items. The content validity index was 97%. Cronbach's alpha was .69. Eight extracted factors included risky sexual behaviors and relationships, sexually transmitted infections, substance abuse, genital health concerns, and safer sex practices. The scale was valid and reliable and therefore useful in future research and interventions.
Related Concept Videos
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...

