[Gender differences in chronic kidney diseases : myth or reality ?]

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Endocrinology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% of the Swiss population.
• Epidemiological data indicate women develop CKD less frequently and progress slower than men.
• This gender-based protection diminishes post-menopause, with unclear underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review epidemiological findings on gender disparities in CKD.
• To explore hypotheses explaining these gender differences.
• To discuss the potential of estrogen therapy in mitigating CKD progression.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological studies on CKD and gender.
• Analysis of proposed hormonal, structural, and hemodynamic factors.
• Evaluation of existing research on estrogen therapy in CKD, including animal models and human data gaps.

Main Results:

• Women exhibit a protective effect against CKD development and progression compared to men.
• Menopause appears to negate this protective advantage in women.
• Animal studies suggest estrogen may benefit diabetic kidney disease, but human data are limited.

Conclusions:

• Understanding gender differences in CKD is crucial for targeted interventions.
• Estrogen therapy warrants further investigation as a potential strategy to slow CKD progression, especially in postmenopausal women and those with diabetes.