Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts
10:55

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

Published on: November 5, 2012

17.1K

Cip29 is phosphorylated following activation of the DNA damage response in Xenopus egg extracts

Janet Holden1, Elaine M Taylor1, Howard D Lindsay1

  • 1Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|July 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

The DNA damage response modifies the RNA export factor Cip29 via ATM kinase. This damage-dependent phosphorylation suggests Cip29 may regulate gene expression following DNA damage.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA damage triggers complex cellular responses, including repair and altered gene expression.
  • RNA processing factors are emerging as key players in DNA damage signaling and gene regulation.
  • The role of RNA export factors in DNA damage response pathways is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the DNA damage-dependent modification of the putative RNA export factor Cip29.
  • To determine the signaling pathways and specific sites involved in Cip29 modification.
  • To assess the role of Cip29 in DNA repair processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Xenopus laevis egg extract system to study DNA damage responses.
  • Analyzed DNA double-strand break-induced phosphorylation of Cip29.
  • Investigated the involvement of ATM kinase in Cip29 modification.
  • Identified the specific phosphorylation site on Cip29.
  • Assessed Cip29's role in DNA end-joining.

Main Results:

  • Cip29 undergoes rapid phosphorylation in response to DNA double-strand breaks.
  • This modification is dependent on ATM kinase activity.
  • A conserved serine residue was identified as the damage-dependent phosphorylation site.
  • Cip29 was found not to be essential for efficient DNA end-joining in egg extracts.

Conclusions:

  • Cip29 is a novel target of the DNA damage response pathway.
  • The phosphorylation of Cip29 is regulated by ATM kinase.
  • The damage-dependent modification of Cip29 likely relates to its role in gene expression regulation after DNA damage.
  • Cip29 is not directly involved in DNA end-joining repair.

More Related Videos

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

4.1K
A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis11:04

A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis

Published on: December 19, 2015

10.9K

Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
10.2K
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
3.2K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
6.4K
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of...
5.8K
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
41.6K