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Belowground microbes mitigate plant-plant competition.

Márcia Bacelar Fonseca1, Teresa Dias2, Maria Manuela Carolino2

  • 1Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa. Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.

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|July 19, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing beneficial microbes like nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help endangered Dimorphandra wilsonii trees survive competition with invasive grasses. This conservation strategy shows promise for protecting Cerrado ecosystems.

Keywords:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiBradyrhizobium sp.Dimorphandra wilsoniiNitrogenPlan-plant competitionUrochloa decumbens

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Botany
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Dimorphandra wilsonii, a Fabaceae tree endemic to the Cerrado, faces threats from land-use changes.
  • Remaining populations are often found in areas invaded by alien grasses, such as Urochloa decumbens, leading to intense competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nitrogen availability and the presence of symbiotic microbes on mitigating competition between Dimorphandra wilsonii and Urochloa decumbens.
  • To assess the potential of microbial inoculation as a conservation strategy for Dimorphandra wilsonii.

Main Methods:

  • Pot cultivation of Dimorphandra wilsonii seedlings over 50 weeks under varying nitrogen (N) levels (3mM and 10mM).
  • Experimental setup included competition with Urochloa decumbens and inoculation with a nitrogen-fixing bacterium (Bradyrhizobium sp.) and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF - Glomus etunicatum).
  • Measurements included plant growth, nutrient dynamics, and substrate carbon/respiration, with isotopic labeling (13C) to trace carbon allocation.

Main Results:

  • The presence of symbionts (AMF and N-fixers) mitigated plant-plant competition, leading to increased growth and reduced nutrient loss in Dimorphandra wilsonii seedlings.
  • Under limiting nitrogen, inoculated seedlings showed enhanced growth, with evidence of nitrogen fixation when competing with U. decumbens.
  • Under non-limiting nitrogen, inoculation led to 13C enrichment in seedlings, increased substrate carbon, and higher microbial respiration, suggesting a shift towards a more generalist microbial community.

Conclusions:

  • Inoculating Dimorphandra wilsonii seeds or seedlings with AMF and N-fixers is a promising conservation measure to counteract competition from invasive grasses.
  • Symbiont inoculation enhances seedling performance, particularly under nutrient-limited conditions, by improving nutrient acquisition and potentially facilitating nitrogen fixation.
  • Further long-term field studies are necessary to validate these findings and confirm the efficacy of this conservation approach in natural settings.