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Dynamic fluid connectivity during steady-state multiphase flow in a sandstone.

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Researchers discovered "dynamic connectivity" in multiphase Darcy flow, where fluid pathways periodically reconnect, challenging previous models of stable interfaces in porous media.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional models of multiphase Darcy flow assume stable fluid interfaces and segregated pathways.
  • This assumption is based on the idea that fluid phases organize into distinct, unchanging flow paths within porous media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and demonstrate a novel, previously unobserved type of steady-state flow behavior in porous media.
  • To challenge the existing conceptualization of stable fluid interfaces in multiphase flow.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fast pore-scale X-ray imaging to visualize fluid dynamics at the micro-level.
  • Observed the flow of nitrogen (N₂) and brine through permeable sandstone under simulated subsurface reservoir conditions.
  • Maintained low capillary numbers and constant fluid saturation during experiments.

Main Results:

  • Identified and termed a new flow behavior: "dynamic connectivity."
  • Demonstrated that the nonwetting phase (N₂) pore network is not continuously connected at any given instant.
  • Observed that flow pathways periodically reconnect, resembling a traffic light system.

Conclusions:

  • The "dynamic connectivity" phenomenon challenges the long-held assumption of stable fluid interfaces in steady-state multiphase flow.
  • This behavior is explained by an energy balance, where injected fluid energy is sporadically used to create new interfaces.
  • The findings necessitate a revision of current models for fluid flow in porous media, particularly in subsurface reservoir engineering.