Stress-induced changes in miRNA biogenesis and functioning.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Cellular Biology

Background:

• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes.
• Cellular stresses, such as DNA damage and disease-related chronic stress, can impact miRNA function.
• Emerging evidence highlights stress-induced deregulation of miRNAs at multiple levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of microRNA functions under various cellular stresses.
• To explore the role of stress in miRNA deregulation and its link to age-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
• To highlight knowledge gaps concerning isomiRs and non-canonical miRNA targets in stress response.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on miRNA regulation and function under stress.
• Analysis of research on miRNA deregulation in response to DNA damage, pathogen invasion, and chronic diseases.
• Synthesis of findings related to miRNA biogenesis proteins and their stress-dependent regulation.

Main Results:

• Stress significantly impacts miRNA transcription, processing, localization, and function.
• Core miRNA biogenesis machinery components are subject to stress-induced regulatory changes.
• The roles of isomiRs and non-canonical miRNA targets in stress response remain underexplored.

Conclusions:

• MicroRNA deregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of stress-related conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the functions of isomiRs and non-canonical targets in stress adaptation and disease.
• Understanding stress-mediated miRNA dynamics is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for age-associated disorders.