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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Alkanes02:22

Nomenclature of Alkanes

28.3K
In the late 19th-century, the number of new chemical compounds discovered increased tremendously. Hence, the necessity arose to develop a naming system for the systematic nomenclature of these newly discovered compounds. IUPAC (International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry), established in 1919, sets rules for the nomenclature.
The alkane nomenclature considers the length of the carbon chain, the number, and the location of the substituent to arrive at its systematic name. The IUPAC...
28.3K
Physical Properties of Alkanes02:33

Physical Properties of Alkanes

15.4K
Alkanes are nonpolar molecules due to the presence of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is minimal, and hence alkanes have a zero dipole moment. This leads to the presence of only dispersion forces between the molecules. The strength of dispersion forces is dependent on the surface area of the molecules on which they act. Since the surface area increases with the molecular length for straight-chain alkanes, the dispersion forces also...
15.4K
Mass Spectrometry: Long-Chain Alkane Fragmentation01:18

Mass Spectrometry: Long-Chain Alkane Fragmentation

2.5K
The molecular ions of linear alkanes prefer to fragment at the carbon-carbon bond away from the end of the chain since the cleavage of an inner bond creates a stable carbocation and a stable radical. Consequently, the mass signals of linear alkanes feature intense peaks in the middle of the mass-to-charge ratio plot with weaker peaks on either end. The fragmentation of each carbon-carbon bond with the release of a methyl group in each splitting leads to prominent peaks in the mass spectra...
2.5K
Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation01:29

Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

1.8K
This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which generate relatively stable carbocations if the cleavage occurs at the branching point. The high stability of carbocations drives the instant fragmentation of branched alkanes. Accordingly, the branched alkane's molecular ion peak is very weak or invisible in the mass spectra, especially in comparison to a linear alkane.
1.8K
Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

23.5K
Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the...
23.5K
Nomenclature of Alkenes02:29

Nomenclature of Alkenes

16.9K
The IUPAC naming system for alkenes replaces -an- with -en- in the corresponding parent alkanes. Accordingly, a simple alkene replaces the -ane suffix of the alkane with -ene.
As per the IUPAC rules, the longest carbon chain containing the maximum number of double bonds is identified as the parent chain and is numbered such that the doubly bonded carbon atoms receive the lowest possible numbers. The location of the double bond is indicated by the number of its first carbon atom. In branched...
16.9K

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

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Alkane-length sorting using activated pillar[5]arene crystals.

Tomoki Ogoshi1, Ryuta Sueto2, Yukie Hamada2

  • 1Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. ogoshi@se.kanazawa-u.ac.jp and PRESTO, The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|July 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Activated pillar[5]arene crystals offer a straightforward method for separating n-alkanes. These crystals selectively absorb longer-chain n-alkanes from mixtures, simplifying separation processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Separating n-alkanes is crucial in various chemical industries.
  • Existing methods can be complex and energy-intensive.
  • Pillar[5]arene macrocycles show promise for selective molecular recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple and efficient method for separating n-alkanes based on chain length.
  • To investigate the selective uptake of n-alkanes by activated pillar[5]arene crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of activated pillar[5]arene crystals.
  • Immersion of crystals into mixtures of n-alkanes with varying chain lengths.
  • Analysis of n-alkane uptake by the crystals.

Main Results:

  • Activated pillar[5]arene crystals demonstrated a preferential uptake of longer-chain n-alkanes.
  • The method proved to be simple and easy to operate.
  • The selectivity is attributed to the host-guest interactions within the pillararene cavity.

Conclusions:

  • Activated pillar[5]arene crystals provide a facile and effective platform for the separation of n-alkanes.
  • This approach offers a potential alternative to conventional separation techniques.
  • Further research can explore optimization for industrial applications.